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Node:Yes-or-No Questions, Previous:Formatting Numbers, Up:Locales

In the GNU C library, stdin, stdout, and stderr are normal variables which you can set just like any others. For example, to redirect the standard output to a file, you could do: fclose (stdout); stdout = fopen ('standard-output-file', 'w'). It was discovered that the GNU C Library incorrectly handled certain signal trampolines on PowerPC. A remote attacker could use this issue to cause the GNU C Library to crash, resulting in a denial of service, or possibly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2020-1751) It was discovered that the GNU C Library incorrectly handled tilde expansion.


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Yes-or-No Questions

Some non GUI programs ask a yes-or-no question. If the messages (especially the questions) are translated into foreign languages, be sure that you localize the answers too. It would be very bad habit to ask a question in one language and request the answer in another, often English.

The GNU C library contains rpmatch to give applications easy access to the corresponding locale definitions.

int rpmatch (const char *response) Function

Gnu C Library For Windows

The function rpmatch checks the string in response whether or not it is a correct yes-or-no answer and if yes, which one. The check uses the YESEXPR and NOEXPR data in the LC_MESSAGES category of the currently selected locale. The return value is as follows:
1
The user entered an affirmative answer.
0
The user entered a negative answer.
-1
The answer matched neither the YESEXPR nor the NOEXPR regular expression.

This function is not standardized but available beside in GNU libc at least also in the IBM AIX library.

This function would normally be used like this:

Note that the loop continues until an read error is detected or until a definitive (positive or negative) answer is read.

Gnu C Library Online

Table of Contents

Computer
I. Introduction
1. Status
Implementation Status
C++ 1998/2003
Implementation Status
Implementation Specific Behavior
C++ 2011
Implementation Specific Behavior
C++ 2014
C++ 2017
Implementation Specific Behavior
C++ 202a
Implementation Specific Behavior
C++ TR1
Implementation Specific Behavior
C++ TR 24733
C++ IS 29124
Implementation Specific Behavior
License
The Code: GPL
The Documentation: GPL, FDL
Bugs
Implementation Bugs
Standard Bugs
2. Setup
Prerequisites
Configure
Make
3. Using
Command Options
Headers
Header Files
Mixing Headers
The C Headers and namespace std
Precompiled Headers
Macros
Dual ABI
Troubleshooting
Namespaces
Available Namespaces
namespace std
Using Namespace Composition
Linking
Almost Nothing
Finding Dynamic or Shared Libraries
Experimental Library Extensions
Concurrency
Prerequisites
Thread Safety
Atomics
IO
Structure
Defaults
Future
Alternatives
Containers
Exceptions
Exception Safety
Exception Neutrality
Doing without
Compatibility
With C
With POSIX thread cancellation
Debugging Support
Using g++
Debug Versions of Library Binary Files
Memory Leak Hunting
Non-memory leaks in Pool and MT allocators
Data Race Hunting
Using gdb
Tracking uncaught exceptions
Debug Mode
Compile Time Checking
Profile-based Performance Analysis
II. Standard Contents
4. Support
Types
Fundamental Types
Numeric Properties
NULL
Dynamic Memory
Termination
Termination Handlers
Verbose Terminate Handler
5. Diagnostics
Exceptions
API Reference
Adding Data to exception
Use of errno by the library
Concept Checking
6. Utilities
Functors
Pairs
Memory
Allocators
Requirements
Design Issues
Implementation
Interface Design
Selecting Default Allocation Policy
Disabling Memory Caching
Using a Specific Allocator
Custom Allocators
Extension Allocators
auto_ptr
Limitations
Use in Containers
shared_ptr
Requirements
Design Issues
Implementation
Class Hierarchy
Thread Safety
Selecting Lock Policy
Related functions and classes
Use
Examples
Unresolved Issues
Acknowledgments
Traits
7. Strings
String Classes
Simple Transformations
Case Sensitivity
Arbitrary Character Types
Tokenizing
Shrink to Fit
CString (MFC)
8. Localization
Locales
locale
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Interacting with 'C' locales
Future
Facets
ctype
Implementation
Specializations
Future
codecvt
Requirements
Design
wchar_t Size
Support for Unicode
Other Issues
Implementation
Use
Future
messages
Requirements
Design
Implementation
Models
The GNU Model
Use
Future
9. Containers
Sequences
list
list::size() is O(n)
Associative
Insertion Hints
bitset
Size Variable
Type String
Unordered Associative
Insertion Hints
Hash Code
Hash Code Caching Policy
Interacting with C
Containers vs. Arrays
10. Iterators
Predefined
Iterators vs. Pointers
One Past the End
11. Algorithms
Mutating
swap
Specializations
12. Numerics
Complex
complex Processing
Generalized Operations
Interacting with C
Numerics vs. Arrays
C99
13. Input and Output
Iostream Objects
Stream Buffers
Derived streambuf Classes
Buffering
Memory Based Streams
Compatibility With strstream
File Based Streams
Copying a File
Binary Input and Output
Interacting with C
Using FILE* and file descriptors
Performance
14. Atomics
API Reference
15. Concurrency
API Reference
III. Extensions
16. Compile Time Checks
17. Debug Mode
Intro
Semantics
Using
Using the Debug Mode
Using a Specific Debug Container
Design
Goals
Methods
The Wrapper Model
Safe Iterators
Safe Sequences (Containers)
Precondition Checking
Release- and debug-mode coexistence
Compile-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components
Link- and run-time coexistence of release- and debug-mode components
Alternatives for Coexistence
Other Implementations
18. Parallel Mode
Intro
Semantics
Using
Prerequisite Compiler Flags
Using Parallel Mode
Using Specific Parallel Components
Design
Interface Basics
Configuration and Tuning
Setting up the OpenMP Environment
Compile Time Switches
Run Time Settings and Defaults
Implementation Namespaces
Testing
Bibliography
19. Profile Mode
Intro
Using the Profile Mode
Tuning the Profile Mode
Design
Wrapper Model
Instrumentation
Run Time Behavior
Analysis and Diagnostics
Cost Model
Reports
Testing
Extensions for Custom Containers
Empirical Cost Model
Implementation Issues
Stack Traces
Symbolization of Instruction Addresses
Concurrency
Using the Standard Library in the Instrumentation Implementation
Malloc Hooks
Construction and Destruction of Global Objects
Developer Information
Big Picture
How To Add A Diagnostic
Diagnostics
Diagnostic Template
Containers
Hashtable Too Small
Hashtable Too Large
Inefficient Hash
Vector Too Small
Vector Too Large
Vector to Hashtable
Hashtable to Vector
Vector to List
List to Vector
List to Forward List (Slist)
Ordered to Unordered Associative Container
Algorithms
Sort Algorithm Performance
Data Locality
Need Software Prefetch
Linked Structure Locality
Multithreaded Data Access
Data Dependence Violations at Container Level
False Sharing
Statistics
Bibliography
20. The mt_allocator
Intro
Design Issues
Overview
Implementation
Tunable Parameters
Initialization
Deallocation Notes
Single Thread Example
Multiple Thread Example
21. The bitmap_allocator
Design
Implementation
Free List Store
Super Block
Super Block Data Layout
Maximum Wasted Percentage
allocate
deallocate
Questions
1
2
3
Locality
Overhead and Grow Policy
22. Policy-Based Data Structures
Intro
Performance Issues
Associative
Priority Que
Goals
Associative
Policy Choices
Underlying Data Structures
Iterators
Functional
Priority Queues
Policy Choices
Underlying Data Structures
Binary Heaps
Using
Prerequisites
Organization
Tutorial
Basic Use
Configuring via Template Parameters
Querying Container Attributes
Point and Range Iteration
Examples
Intermediate Use
Querying with container_traits
By Container Method
Hash-Based
Branch-Based
Priority Queues
Design
Concepts
Null Policy Classes
Map and Set Semantics
Distinguishing Between Maps and Sets
Alternatives to std::multiset and std::multimap
Iterator Semantics
Point and Range Iterators
Distinguishing Point and Range Iterators
Invalidation Guarantees
Genericity
Tag
Traits
By Container
hash
Interface
Details
tree
Interface
Details
Trie
Interface
Details
List
Interface
Details
Priority Queue
Interface
Details
Testing
Regression
Performance
Hash-Based
Text find
Integer find
Integer Subscript find
Integer Subscript insert
Integer find with Skewed-Distribution
Erase Memory Use
Branch-Based
Text insert
Text find
Text find with Locality-of-Reference
split and join
Order-Statistics
Multimap
Text find with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
Text find with Large Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
Text insert with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
Text insert with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios
Text insert with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
Text insert with Small Secondary-to-Primary Key Ratios Memory Use
Priority Queue
Text push
Text push and pop
Integer push
Integer push
Text pop Memory Use
Text join
Text modify Up
Text modify Down
Observations
Associative
Priority_Queue
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
23. HP/SGI Extensions
Backwards Compatibility
Deprecated
24. Utilities
25. Algorithms
26. Numerics
27. Iterators
28. Input and Output
Derived filebufs
29. Demangling
30. Concurrency
Design
Interface to Locks and Mutexes
Interface to Atomic Functions
Implementation
Using Built-in Atomic Functions
Thread Abstraction
Use
IV. Appendices
A. Contributing
Contributor Checklist
Reading
Assignment
Getting Sources
Submitting Patches
Directory Layout and Source Conventions
Coding Style
Bad Identifiers
By Example
Design Notes
B. Porting and Maintenance
Configure and Build Hacking
Prerequisites
Overview
General Process
What Comes from Where
Configure
Storing Information in non-AC files (like configure.host)
Coding and Commenting Conventions
The acinclude.m4 layout
GLIBCXX_ENABLE, the --enable maker
Shared Library Versioning
Make
Writing and Generating Documentation
Introduction
Generating Documentation
Doxygen
Prerequisites
Generating the Doxygen Files
Debugging Generation
Markup
Docbook
Prerequisites
Generating the DocBook Files
Debugging Generation
Editing and Validation
File Organization and Basics
Markup By Example
Porting to New Hardware or Operating Systems
Operating System
CPU
Character Types
Thread Safety
Numeric Limits
Libtool
Testing
Test Organization
Directory Layout
Naming Conventions
Running the Testsuite
Basic
Variations
Permutations
Writing a new test case
Examples of Test Directives
Directives Specific to Libstdc++ Tests
Test Harness and Utilities
DejaGnu Harness Details
Utilities
Special Topics
Qualifying Exception Safety Guarantees
Overview
Existing tests
C++11 Requirements Test Sequence Descriptions
ABI Policy and Guidelines
The C++ Interface
Versioning
Goals
History
Prerequisites
Configuring
Checking Active
Allowed Changes
Prohibited Changes
Implementation
Testing
Single ABI Testing
Multiple ABI Testing
Outstanding Issues
API Evolution and Deprecation History
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.3
6
7
7.2
7.3
8
9
Backwards Compatibility
First
No ios_base
No cout in <ostream.h>, no cin in <istream.h>
Second
Namespace std:: not supported
Illegal iterator usage
isspace from <cctype> is a macro
No vector::at, deque::at, string::at
No std::char_traits<char>::eof
No string::clear
Removal of ostream::form and istream::scan extensions
No basic_stringbuf, basic_stringstream
Little or no wide character support
No templatized iostreams
Thread safety issues
Third
Pre-ISO headers removed
Extension headers hash_map, hash_set moved to ext or backwards
No ios::nocreate/ios::noreplace.
No stream::attach(int fd)
Support for C++98 dialect.
Support for C++TR1 dialect.
Support for C++11 dialect.
Container::iterator_type is not necessarily Container::value_type*
C. Free Software Needs Free Documentation
D. GNU General Public License version 3
E. GNU Free Documentation License